Treaty Six and its Impacts on the Cree free essay sample

A look at the conflicting interests between native tribes and the Europeans during the 19th century. This paper discusses the power struggle that ensued between native tribes and European settlers during the late 19th century. The author discusses the underlying causes that drove both the Cree and the government of Canada to seek peaceful alliance, the great differences in culture and consciousness between the natives and the European descendents and the discrepancies between the promises made by the Commissioners of Treaty Six and the realities experienced by the Cree. In September of 1870 the Hudsons Bay Company (HBC) transferred the empire of Ruperts Land and the North West Territories to the Government of Canada. The government sought to enlarge the Dominion of Canada and encourage settlement to the west, though before this was possible a new alliance had to be formed with the Cree Nation, the Plains Crees, and the Wood Crees. We will write a custom essay sample on Treaty Six and its Impacts on the Cree or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Treaty Six was negotiated in 1876 and involved the title to 121,000 square miles of Saskatchewan and the welfare of 7000 Indians and 2000 half-breeds.

Looks Could Kill Essays

Looks Could Kill Essays Looks Could Kill Essay Looks Could Kill Essay Barbie is definitely too skinny to be a good role model for anyone. Many may think that Barbie, six feet tall, 100 pounds and measurements 39-19-33 is a beautiful and perfect model of how every woman should be. Since Barbie was first invented in 1959, there are many reasons as to why she is not the perfect role model. Barbie may have a perfect figure, perfect family, perfect group of friends, perfect boyfriend, perfect house, perfect hair, perfect clothes and perfect everything, however Barbie is not a healthy and proportional being. In addition, she is a bad influence on society. Lastly, she causes many individuals to develop unrealistic and unachievable goals. The more time spent playing with this doll, the more impact it has on the child. Yes, Barbie has pursued many good role model moments but the thing that has not changed is her unachievable but influencing looks and lifestyle. Therefore Barbie is a poor influence and should not be anyone’s role model. Barbie’s body is not proportional or a reasonable size for anyone to try to achieve. The pressure on girls and how they have to look, act and dress is currently increasing throughout the years. Girls have the urge to try to fit in and the only way they can fit in is by looking and acting a certain way. Since Barbie is perceived to be popular, happy and perfect, every girl tries to be just like her. This is an alarming issue. Girls are developing lower self esteem due to the lack of confidence in not being able to be like Barbie. If any human being is her 39-19-33 size, they are suffering from malnutrition. Their body will have trouble functioning because Barbie has an unproportional body. Her body has extremely long thin arms and legs and a short torso with a very uneven chest-waist-hip ratio. This type of unproportional body comes with many dangerous health issues. A body like Barbie would have an extremely weak heart and internal organs that are too weak for the proper purpose of its function. Barbie will not be able to pump blood through her cardiovascular system, digest, breathe, be prone to illness and brain function is not physically possible. Since this look is not achievable, it causes many individuals to develop a very low self esteem. Therefore, Barbie’s body is unachievable, unproportional and should not be consider an ideal for anyone. Barbie causes many individuals in this society to develop eating disorders and induce self harm. Over eight million people in America has an eating disorder, 10-15% being males and 85-90% being females. Out of the 89-90% there are 80% of them that are under the age of twenty. Some of this population started to worry about their size and weight ever since the age of four. Many of these girls have an eating disorder. Some have openly admitted that Barbie has played a huge role as their role model. This means that Barbie is portraying a bad image and is a horrible influence. In order to lose weight, many people look to dieting as an option. Diets are not a bad thing and many humans around the world go through phases of life where dieting is a healthy option. However, if a child at the age of four is going on a diet, it affects their growth and bodily function. Some kids not only go on diet but may starve themselves or become bulimic. Doing so may cause other dangerous side effect. Many may also induce self harm because they still feel that they are not skinny enough. This may lead to death just because they are not as skinny as Barbie. In the year of 1965, the Slumber Party Barbie was introduced. The bathroom scale was permanently set to 110 pounds, the doll came with a book called how to lose weight and the advice was â€Å"Don’t Eat. † Not only does Barbie influence girls to have her perfect body but Barbie is also known for her perfect looks. This leads to girls spending numerous hours layering makeup, destroying their hair with dye, straightening and curling irons and shopping at the most high end and expensive stores to achieve her looks. Barbie influences girls to be very materialistic. Girls start to want everything Barbie has. As a child, I wanted a never ending list of the things she had, her pink car, dog, pool, mall, everything! Numerous girls have dreamed of Paris Hilton’s Barbie car and a house like Barbie’s. Therefore, Barbie is a very dangerous and bankrupting role model. Lastly, Barbie’s body is not achievable and unrealistic. Barbie causes a bias perspective on what is beautiful. Beautiful comes in varies shapes, sizes and colour. Since Barbie is everywhere and so openly exposed, it causes a bias opinion on what is conceived as pretty, perfect and ideal. The body of Barbie may be seen as perfect and acceptable but definitely not achievable. Beauty can come from different ethnicities, backgrounds and body types. Barbie may be a role model, but it is not physically achievable by any body type. It is not achievable or natural. Some women spend thousands of dollars trying to achieve this perfect look on plastic surgery, face lifts and professional stylist for everyday life. A girl named Sarah Burge in the UK did exactly like so. She spent one million dollars to live the Barbie life. Even though it is achievable it is extremely hard to maintain such a lifestyle. Therefore, Barbie influences society to make unrealistic and unachievable goals and is not a good role model. Barbie should not be a role model to anyone. Barbie is a bad influence and does not have a positive effect on others. Barbie is not a healthy and proportional being which causes girls that can’t achieve her look to have low self esteem. In addition, she has a bad influence on society and causes many eating disorders and self harming victims just from trying to look and be like her. Lastly, she causes many individuals to develop unrealistic goals and become bankrupted from just trying to achieve her way of life. This doll may be perfect in the plastic world but brought into real life she would die. Barbie and many other dolls is not a beneficial figure to look up to as a role model.

The Analysis of Immediate Souths Secession from the Union Essay

The Analysis of Immediate Souths Secession from the Union - Essay Example The essay "The Analysis of the Immediate South’s Secession from the Union" talks about the rationality of the South actions during the years preceding the Civil War. One cannot ignore the fact that if the South did not declare succession, Lincoln would not have to declare war in the south. James McPherson, an expert in this subject and author of The Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era insists, â€Å"In July 1861, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution, by a nearly unanimous vote, that affirmed that the North was not waging the war to overthrow slavery but to preserve the Union.†. Clearly, the focal point of the war was to keep the unity of nation for the sake of peace and security. By March, during Lincoln’s inauguration speech, states such as South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had already declared to secede. From the South’s perspective, it is clear that that nation was interested in its own political and economic pursuits. Clearly, the soldiers understood that the North had little or no interest in South’s domestic affairs. Slavery was vital towards the success of South’s economy. The failure for the North to acknowledge the idea motivated the Southern soldiers to pursue their own version of the â€Å"American Dream.† The major political and economic interests between North and South continued to reflect the justification for separation for the Southern soldiers. Hence, Lincoln’s reaction to impose force to unite the nation escalated the tensions. between both sides. Hence, the advantages of the South declaring secession centered on their economy. Without constraining the burden of supporting the North with its financial burdens, the South enjoyed the dire success of enhancing and revitalizing its own economy. The justification for the secession revolv ed around the fact that the South had many grievances. Since the colonies also fought the revolutionary because they had a list of grievances, it only seemed fair that the South had the equal right to repeat history. The Republican tariffs that were imposed and the free homestead in the west were vital towards the southern states to rebel. The disadvantages of the South declaring secession was the fact that no country regarded the South as its own union. The South was economically strong, but ideologically weak. It clearly lacked the foundation of unity that it once enjoyed while being with the Union. In addition, it had a weak foundation of government and did not possess a strong leader as Lincoln himself. Without a leader to take in charge, the South had no channels to unite for a war. the South did not It had no power to engage any international relations or ask its neighboring allies to finance its war. Although one may think that the secession was a rapid move, the South did ac t in a rationale way. The south at this point was to break away and enjoy the bounties of being an independent nation. With its full economic and financial power, the South was even turning heads in the European front. The South at this point realized the scrutiny they were in and did not want to suffer any longer from North’

Case study on the overall audit process Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the overall audit process - Case Study Example They did not aid the embezzlers, did not know about the embezzlement, and did not perform recklessly. But they failed to comply adequately with GAAS and thus failed their role as auditors. Not knowing about the embezzlement was the problem: It is the role of an auditor to discover embezzlement, financial impropriety and dishonesty. The definition of â€Å"duty of care† has changed over the centuries of auditing tradition. In 1896, Justice Lopes defined the duty of care thusly: â€Å"It is the duty of an auditor to bring to bear on the work he has to perform that skill, care and caution which a reasonably careful, cautious auditor would use...An auditor is not bound to be a detective, or, as was said to approach his work with suspicion, or with a forgone conclusion that there is something wrong. He is a watchdog, not a bloodhound. He is justified in believing tried servants of the company in whom confidence is placed by the company. He is entitled to assume that they are honest and rely upon their representations, provided he takes reasonable care† (Morgan, 2000). Under this standard, Mitchell & Moss did no wrong. But this standard is no longer sufficient, especially as the complexity of financial transactions mount. In 1958, Lord Denning established a new norm: â€Å"To perform his task properly he must come to it with an enquiring mind - not suspicious of dishonesty - but suspecting that someone may have made a mistake somewhere and that a check must be made to ensure that there has been none†. Finally, in 1997, UK Law changed to require a â€Å"suspicious† attitude. US law is the same now: Mitchell & Moss acted as watchdogs, not bloodhounds, and thus were deficient and negligent. The United States GAAS is now divided into ten standards split into three categories. Mitchell & Moss clearly were adequately trained and proficient, independent and used professional care (AICPA). But where Mitchell and Moss failed is

Business Process management as a real , meaningful change strategy Essay

Business Process management as a real , meaningful change strategy - Essay Example When speaking of BPM one is simply speaking about formalizing the business processes in order to direct efforts to best accommodate the needs of clients through controlling the entire organizational efforts. Broadly speaking it is the case that BPM incorporates an approach that aims to improve management activities in six specific categories. The first category covered under BPM is company vision which aims to generate what the strategic vision of the firm should be. The following process category is design, which focuses management efforts to identify the existing work processes and potential future design processes. After this point, attention is given to the modeling process which looks to separate variables to help determine what effect larger organizational changes might have. Building on this previous point attention is given to execution which is the actual pursuing of the steps involved in the process. As a significant component of BPM is monitoring, it as at this stage where it is implemented and special consideration is given to collecting as much data as possible. As a final point of the BPM process, optimization is incorporated in which based on relevant feedback from the monitoring process changes can be made in order to ensure better work flow in the future. As with any business process change strategy, one operates under the assumption that the main benefit of BPM is to streamline all business processes to improve the satisfaction of customer needs or increase profits. The consequence of implementing BPM would supposedly generate an improvement in overall customer satisfaction (Through faster turnaround or improvements in product quality), improved customer relations, increased profits etc. One major concern that BPM hopes to improve is the idea that different stakeholders within an organization often have very different goals. It could be argued that marketing professionals within an organization often have different objectives than computer pro grammers. For example, programmers often may develop programs that are best suited for the purpose but may be technically abstract for clients yet marketing professionals look to promote products that are best suited to accommodate the customer needs yet may be technologically deficient. In this scenario BPM would look to align all work processes from first point of contact though to the delivery of the final product. Where this differs from other management process such as Six Sigma according to Breyfogle (2004) is the example that BMP effectively enhances six sigma based initiative by providing a software based solution to measure, define, analyze as well as control business processes. By incorporating a technological aspect to the process one gains a better control on the effectiveness of protocols. The issue of whether or not BBM is merely a fad or here to stay is tricky. Over the years there have been many business improvement initiative processes that have fallen by the waysid e. However a strong argument can be made that this process is here to stay. Where this process differs from its contemporaries is that it seeks to incorporate a technological monitoring process that generates meaningful control and feedback. From an IT perspective, when incorporated effectively the process would require the development of software monitoring solutions as a means of generating meaningful feedback. As it

Structural Adjustment Programs in Developing Countries

Structural Adjustment Programs in Developing Countries INTRODUCTION Development economics can be divided into two broad categories which are neoclassical economics and structuralism. The structuralist sees the world as inflexible. Change is inhibited by obstacles, bottlenecks and constraints. People find it hard to move or adapt, and resources tend to be stuck. In economic terms the supply of most things is inelastic. Such general inflexibility was thought to apply particularly to Least Development Countries. Entrepreneurs were lacking; and communication was poor, this alleged inflexibility was married to the evident fact that production structure of developing countries was very different from that of developed countries. To achieve development it had to be changed rapidly. The sturcturalist view of the world provides a reason for distrusting the price mechanism and for trying to bring about change in other ways. If supplies and demands are very inelastic large price changes are needed to achieve small quantitative adjustments. Large price changes are disturbing both directly and also because they result in changes in income distribution, if the losers are powerful they may be able to resist the change through organized industrial or political action. Structuralism primarily seeks to provide a reason for managing change through administrative action. Structural adjustment is a term that is used to explain policy that are driving change in countries Economic relationships especially the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) towards developing countries. In one way or another are among the conditionalities imposed by the international organization, thus Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) these are programs implemented by IMF and World Bank in what is said as helping developing countries to survive in their economic failure but with conditions to abide to. The main objective of structural adjustment programs (SAPS) is to make economic changes to Governments of developing countries but with conditions the IMF and World Bank grants loans to developing countries to make these economic changes in their Economies. Initially Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) was created as a method of economic recovery from the second world war (WWII) it was a mechanism for dealing with the balance of payment (BOP) problems that resulted from the second world war which its effects in world economies as there was massive economic recession of late 1970`s and 1980s by this time many developing countries were adopting socialist or command economy, therefore IMF and World Bank aim was to change these countries to the other form of economy that is change these countries to free market economy or commonly known as laissez fair it was not easy for the IMF and World Bank to change these countries as there could be resistance to change that is why the World Bank and IMF decided to implement these policies. The main tools for economic changes which the IMF and World bank were implementing consisted of major changes in countries economic, the conditions imposed in order for the developing countries to get loans included the following:- Devaluation of currencies in relation to us dollars, Cutting or removing subsidies on products and services, Price controls on consumer goods or minimum wage labor laws are often removed (Bakker 1994), Liberalization of trade and privatization of public sectors, Encouraging Least Developed Countries(LDC`S) to invite multinational companies to invest in these least developed countries(LDC`S) Political changes from single party to multiparty political system late 1980`s Those were the main changes which the World Bank and IMF were implementing towards the developing countries which I am going to explain it more later, in general I am trying to gather more information to gain confidence about the contribution of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) towards these developing countries that is why Im conducting this study to assess the contributions of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) towards the economy of Tanzania. At the end of this study leaders will be able to understand more about Structural Adjustment Programs(SAPs) and its contribution in the economy of least developed countries(LDC`S) especially for the case of Tanzania. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF TANZANIAN ECONOMY AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPs) Tanzanian economy and Structural Adjustment Programs(SAPs) can be traced from when Tanzania got independence in 9th December 1961 when it was under the reins of late Mwl, J K Nyerere By this time Tanzania was under socialist economy, under socialist leadership from 1961 to 1985 enjoyed a peaceful socioeconomic environment however Tanzania is composed of many ethnic background but both were united by the national language of Kiswahili introduced by the late father of the national Mwl,J K Nyerere. In the late 1970`s and 1980`s there was economic failure in many developing countries especially Tanzania, making Tanzania among the poorest country in the world thus this is where IMF and World Bank started to provide conditionality to least developed countries(LDC`S) so that they can recover their economy. 1.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BEFORE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPs) After independence the government of Tanzania was not prepared to control and guide the national economy as the system of control of the economy used after independence was that of the British economy. During this period the main products were law materials to Europe in consisted of the following cash crops such as sisal, cotton, coffee and tea in this period agriculture contributed more than 50% to Gross National Product (GNP) and sisal, coffee and cotton contributed about 60% to foreign exchange earnings (Taube 1992) In 1967 Tanzania implemented the Ujamaa policy of villagization by the Declaration of Arusha this program helped the villages with greater accessibility to input and output markets in our country it helped to improve the infrastructure in Tanzania such as transport system, water and energy supply together with health and education facilities. In 1978 to 1979 Tanzania went in a war with Uganda where Idd Amin Dada was Dictator in Uganda this war went off in 1979 with a lot of negative consequences to the national economy and wellbeing of Tanzanians together with the collapsing world market prices and it was this period when Tanzania was required by the IMF and World Bank to transform its economy from socialist economy (Command economy) to free market economy by trade liberalization and privatization of the public sector. Tanzania was doubtful to make this transition under the reins of late Mwl, J k Nyerere he was not ready to make this transition but because the country was in serious economic problems it started to implement the policy. Tanzania after negotiating with the IMF on a standby loan failed in 1979, due to this failure the country launched the first Self Guided National Economic survival program (NESP) in 1981 the objective of this program was conditional liberalization of the economy. In 1982 the government adopted a three year plan of SAP at first the program did not add any significant changes in the national economy. At the end of the fiscal year of 1984/85 Tanzania launched its significant economic reforms. The aim of this transformation was trade liberalization. The economic transformation consisted of some policy measures to be abided to these policy measures included the following (Taube 1992: Wenzel and Wiedemann 1989):- Prices of agricultural products were raised by 46-55 percentage, Cooperative unions for crops were formed, Depreciation of Tanzania shillings by 40 percent, Frozen government budget deficit at prior year amounts, Rise in government wages at an average of 29.9 percent, Domestic trade of food were liberalized, Elimination of subsidies both consumer price and agricultural subsidies, (Taube 1992: Wenzel and Wiedemann 1989) The own fund import scheme which allowed imports purchased with foreign currency deposited was initiated. Those measures were welcomed by international donors as the first step towards economic development, although those measures affected the economic performance with very little margin. 1.3 THE ORIGIN OF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM IN TANZANIA FROM 1986 Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) started in 1986 it was welcomed by the new political leader, it is when Ali Hassan Mwinyi was a president after 24 years of the rule of Mwl Julius K Nyerere the new Government adopted a three year ERP (1987/88-1989/90, the main objective of ERP was to increase growth rate per capital income, a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) target growth of 4.5% and reduce inflation bellow 10% 1.4 TANZANIAN ECONOMY Tanzania is among the poorest countries in the world Economies in terms of per capital income. Tanzanian economy depends heavily on agriculture, which contributes more than 40% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzanias out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Long-term growth through 2005 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. Tanzanian economy Through Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the end of 2009 consist of the main three sectors namely Agriculture, industry and service sector where agriculture contributes 26.6%, industry sector contributes 22.6% and services sector contributes 50.8% to the national economy, in general service sector contributes more than any other sector in the national economy consider the following figure:- Source:-www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/Tanzania/tanzania_economy.html 2. THE CONTRIBUTION OF STRUCTURAL ADJASTMENT PROGRAM TO THE ECONOMY OF TANZANIA Following the above explanations I will now turn my focus by discussing the contribution of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) to the economy of Tanzania; the introduction of structural adjustment programs (SAPS) in Tanzania has a lot of advantages and disadvantages to the national economy. Starting with the Economic recovery program (ERP) of 1987/88-1989/90 financial year of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS) the following are the Advantages of structural adjustment programs (SAPS) in Tanzania. 2.1 IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE One of the objective of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS) in 1985/86 was to increase the output of food and export crops that is to say cash crops this was possible by improving the market structure for these crops not only this but also providing more incentives for production. Today even in the past ,agriculture is still the back born of our national economy thus improving agriculture was the only way to help Tanzanians because about 80 percent of the population of Tanzania are living in rural area where agriculture is taking place thus many Tanzanians could benefit much from this program. Initially the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) responded positively gross domestic product increased from 21.8 to 25.3 to 40.6 percent during 1990-1992. As seen on the Annual growth rate of GDP at factors costs, 1989-99 figure 2.1 below. From the above agricultural sector contributes 552 of the gross domestic product Percent, from the above figure it shows gross domestic product falls much in 1994 because of the government reduced effort to implement the structural adjustment programs(SAPs) measures following this the IMF and World Bank withdraw from supporting the government and even other donor countries refused to give grants/loans, again the country performance shows to fall down in the year 1998 this fall in economic performance was due to poor weather condition at the end of 1998 elnino rainfall lead to the destruction of peoples properties and crops as agriculture is the back born of the national economy, it lead to the poor performance thus low gross domestic product, not only agriculture was affected but even other economic activities were badly affected. 2.2 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE OF TANZANIA Early 1986 structural adjustment programs (SAPS) through Economic Recovery Program the IMF and World Bank started among other measures to improve the Tanzanian infrastructure through rehabilitation of the existing infrastructure which were inherited from the colonial government, there were need for improving these infrastructures because they were in bad conditions, and they included roads, railway, airports and harbors. The main importance of infrastructure is for fostering the economic development in our country together with making the country more accessible in all regions. Road infrastructure helps to make transport and communication so smooth in a country, making agricultural activities to grow and expand the market from rural areas to urban areas and together with making exportation of cash crops abroad so easy. As Tanzania was transforming its economies from command economy to free market economy that is privatization in place where private investors are increasingly investing in the country, infrastructure is one of the ingredients of the national economy. These infrastructure were improved in this phase from 1995-2000 and 2001-2005 Tanzania transport network have improved significantly. Today if you want to travel from any part of Tanzania you can reach without any problem this is the success of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) and the Government at large because structural adjustment programs (SAPs) cannot be able to run itself. 2.3 PROVIDING GREATER SUPPORT FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION AND BASIC HEALTH SERVICES One of the major areas which the structural adjustment programs (SAPS) contributed to the national economy was for funding for these basic needs of human beings, providing education and health services is one way of developing the nation and making the country more productive, further more is the way for preparing the country for future development. If we compare from when the country got independence, now primary education have changed a lot even the number of primary school and secondary school have increased in 1980`s we were speaking of one school in each district by those years they were known as middle schools but nowadays every ward is having at least two secondary school as from 2005 to date and a lot of primary schools approximately every village is having its primary school in Tanzania today, this is also the contribution of structural adjustment programs(SAPs). 2.4 TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND PRIVATITATION OF PUBLIC SECTORS Starting from 1985/86 among conditionalities imposed by the IMF and World Bank was to change the country economy that is change to free market economy together with privatization of public sector in Tanzania, privatization lead to many advantages some of them includes, recovery of dead industry increase national output as I remember in 1978/79 Tanzania experienced a lot of Economic problems as the country were coming from the war with Uganda. Generally the world economy was down, trade liberalization was like an incentive to attract many external and internal investors to come and invest in Tanzania indeed the number of investors increased and the national output increased too, not only that but also trade liberalization lead to removal of many trade barriers such price and market reforms, tariffs, embargoes, custom duties and other duties. Trade liberalization was preparing Tanzania and other developing countries to the system of open market where the forces of demand and supply are the only determinant of price in the market, therefore the government is not supposed to interfere in any matter, farther more, it also lead to freedom of expression which later I am going to discuss, through freedom of expression the country also lead to change in the political system from single party system to multiparty political system which I see as development. 2.5 TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL SYSTEM IN 1985 In 1985 Tanzania changed its political system from socialist economy to free market economy this decision come as a result of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) in order to make the economy more free from government intervention, the transformation went together with trade liberalization. The political transformation was successful in 1985 but the first election under multiparty election was in 1995 were the first president elected was Benjamin William Mkapa who were the first president to implement the Structural Adjustment Programs(SAPs) seriously than any other president. By transforming the political system it had many merits including the country performed poor the public could question about what went wrong, not only that but also it introduced in the country the rule of law and freedom of expression both of these are very important ingredients of economic development in any country, rule of law and freedom of expression are the foundation of peace and security in any country failure to have rule of law and freedom of expression it can lead to retardation in countries economic development. Thus the current economic development is a result of the peace and security 2.6 GLOBALIZATION OF THE WORLD MARKET Trade liberalization of 1980`s lead to the world market as a single market that is to say globalization is the process of making the world as a single village where through technology communication makes integration and linkage in the world market wherever you are you can be able to communicate and make business by using your mobile phone, as evidenced today many people have mobile phone, to date a lot of transactions are done using a mobile phone, including bank transactions, saving money for any emergency (Vodacom and Tigo service known as M-Pesa and Tigo Pesa). Today you can transact via mobile phone, all these are the results of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) through the effort of IMF and World Bank is through liberalization which attracts foreign investors to invest in developing and developed country as a result of integrations in the world market it also lead to the growth of industrial and financial sector. At the same time Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) creates conditions for developed country to exploit by the process known as neo-colonialism. 3. THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPs) Structural Adjustment Programs apart from having advantages it has a lot of negative consequences of which the SAPs measures and conditionalitys imposed to developing countries including Tanzania perhaps that is why our late Mwl.J K Nyerere was reluctant to implement the Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). Mwalimu thought about the fund and World Bank to set conditions for future financial support he saw it as infringement on Tanzania`s national sovereignty. On the other hand devaluation of currency Nyerere argued that it would be political suicide and could lead to riots in the street. The following are the negative consequences of Structural Adjustment Program (SAPs) in Tanzania today:- 3.1 REMOVAL OF INPUT SUBSIDIES Before the introduction of structural adjustment programs in Tanzania late 1970`s farm inputs were highly subsidized making these inputs available at a cheaper price and even the agricultural produce were available at low price, but after introducing structural adjustment programs in 1980`s, things changed subsidies were removed in 1984 they were not permanently eliminated but they were eliminated in phases but in 1995 subsidies were completely eliminated, soon after this elimination farm input such as fertilizers in combination with inflation lead to increase in prices and even farm produce shoot up unexpectedly. 3.2 DEPENDENCE THEOREM AND GOVERNMENT DEBT Introduction of structural adjustment programs in one way or another was the way of making least developed countries to become dependent instead of independence as seen from all these countries few African countries are independent, this is the evidence of those conditionalities imposed by the IMF through structural adjustment programs of 1986 in Tanzania. Perhaps this is a source of todays massive national debt, no country could say no to structural adjustment programs, as doing that was meaning that loosing the grants, loans and any other assistance from donor countries, thus the only way was to accept those conditionalities in order to survive from the economic problems. Generally structural adjustment programs are making conditions so that these countries are supposed to follow on the other hand it makes developing countries to have no say to developed countries. 3.3 DEVALUATION OF TANZANIAN SHILLINGS The main aim of devaluation of currency was to encourage exportation of farm production, but on the other hand devaluation of currency was affecting those farmers who were producing not for exportation and not only that but also the value of Tanzanian shillings in relation to other currency it was depreciating, the depreciation of currency has some big impacts to Tanzanians as it goes together with inflation in the country. Higher inflation in the country means harming the economy as the inflation of 1992 it caused a lot of problems to farmers as farm inputs were so high and even prices of goods and services were very high. 3.4 ELIMINATION OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL ON THE ECONOMY Structural adjustment programs through privatization of public entities to private sector lead the government to have little control of the national economy that is to say the decision about the price of goods and services are now left in the hands of the forces of demand and supply that is market mechanism to decide one of the major weakness to leave the market to decide is that the government have no power to decide on economic variables, even to control monopolies and other market failure, it does not mean that the government have no control it have control but not as much as it had during socialist economy, this is evidence that Tanzania inflation is increasing every year the government have failed to control this inflation. 4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION From the explanations about structural adjustment programs (SAPS) contribution to the national economy of Tanzania I can be able to draw my conclusion by saying that structural adjustment programs have contributed much to the national economy where it was able to bring up new technology in our country in Swahili we call it UTANDAWAZI was possible to come in our country as a result of trade liberalization and privatization of the public sector. Late 1980`s the country were transformed into a new political system that is multiparty political system which brought about the rule of law and freedom of expression to allow individual to freely express their views about the national development it is a good news to us Tanzanians as now we can be able to express ourselves without fear from any one unlike during single party political system today in Tanzania economic development is a result of frequent critics from opposition parties such as CHADEMA,CUF,UNDP,TLP AND NCCR MAGEUZI just to mention a few. On the other hand structural adjustment programs have contributed much in building and extending the development in social services through the Economic recovery program (ERP). It has helped to rehabilitate the countries physical infrastructure, increase the output of food and export crops, increase capacity utilization in industry by allocating scarce foreign exchange to priority sector and firms. Structural adjustment programs not only contributed to the growth of national economy but in one way or another it has some negative consequences to the national economy such negative impacts such as removal of subsidies to farm inputs, devaluation of currency in relation to us dollars both of these lead to worsening the balance of payments of our country together with increasing the inflation in Tanzania. Lastly but not least structural adjustment programs lead to our country being a dependent to developed country, hence lead to increasing the government debt even today Tanzania is having a high rate of debt to many friendly countries these are the result of structural adjustment programs, not only developing countries are dependent to developed countries but also developed countries are dependent to developing countries for raw materials such as minerals, cotton, tea and other natural resources.

Reduced Poaching Incidents due to Increased Poaching Laws :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Reduced Poaching Incidents due to Increased Poaching Laws While driving down and old dump road, Curly, as we will call him, spotted some deer just off the road. Slowing down he realized that the few deer that he had seen were all exceptionally fine bucks. Driving off he ponders whether he should go back and take these exceptional deer. Screech!!!! He flipped a 180 and headed back. Arriving back he picks out the nicest one of the bunch and reaches for his gun. Resting the gun in the door, he takes aim and shoots. The deer falls and the rest run for fear of being shot too. Curly pulls away knowing he had just taken a very fine deer. Later that night Curly returned with his friend Moe, his name for the time being, to retrieve the antlers from the deer he had shot earlier. They both exit the vehicle and walk over to the deer. Taking the saw, they slowly cut off the horns. About two months later the two boys were stopped by a wildlife official and were questioned about the shooting. They told the truth and now they both face huge fines, communit y service, possible jail time and felony charges. Poaching has been done ever since the first regular hunting season was formed. Most at that time poached to stay alive by using the meat and hides. In the present day some people still poach just to stay alive but the main concern is the taking of trophy size animals. The horns of and big buck or bull sell for exceptionally high prices. This is a big concern for the animals and for the people who depend on their existence for survival. Colorado has had one of the biggest problems with poaching. Well, they did for a while. Since a magnificent bull elk named Sampson was killed in Estes Park in the 1990's, Colorado has increased laws on poaching a great deal (Taking aim). This incident gave hunting a new name. People began to believe that hunters were only killing to "stuff a trophy" or "get a wall hanger" (Taking aim). The Sampson Law Some people think that those who poach have their own rights because the game is on their property or they are in need. In some cases this is true, but only to a certain extent. They state that if the person who owns the property stocks the lake or creek, or has problems with excessive game animals on his or her property, then this will fall into play.